History of Summerian essays

History of Summerian essays Ancient times have it that a group of people of heritage called the Sumerians has documented information about a planet thats beyond Pluto in our solar system in a different orbit. They have it documented as the 12th planet because they counted Earths moon as a planet and also counts the sun. They counted every object in the solar system, but at the time, they probably did not know the other planets in our solar system have their own moons also. They also probably never seen asteroids or meteors, Im guessing, since they count all the objects in the solar system. These groups of people, the Sumerians, have all this information documented about Planet X and also have their own theories and beliefs. They believe that this planet is where the nonliving goes. They also believe it to be the stairway to heaven. Who knows whats fact and whats fiction? Only time will tell. Recent studies show that scientist all over the world are trying to conclude everything they can about their studies on the old artifacts and information they have. Since present times have all the use of technology, recent advances in DNA research have been established. It established that there was an Eve who lived about 250 to 270 thousand years ago, a first mother from who all modern humans stem, no matter what their racial heritage are. In 1987, scientists from the Universities of California and Michigan announced that all human beings descended from a single mitochondrial, Eve, who lived in Africa. Then came news a few years later that there also was an actual Adam. Finally, genetic advances made test-tube babies possible by mixing the male sperm with the female egg and reimplanting it. The knowledge that we have acknowledged corroborates what the Sumerians knew six thousand years ago. You wonder how is it possible, how could they know? How could their symbol of the entwined serpents, that we still use today to denote medi...

Data Collection for Special Education

Data Collection for Special Education Data collection is a regular activity in the special education classroom. It requires assessing the student’s success on individual items in his or her goals on a regular basis, usually at least once a week. When a special education teacher creates the IEP goals, he or she should also create data sheets to record the student’s progress on individual goals, recording the number of correct responses as a percent of total responses. Create Measurable Goals When IEPs are written, it is important that goals are written in a way that they are  measurable ... that the IEP specifically names the sort of data and the sort of change that should be seen in a students behavior or academic performance. If it is a percent of probes completed independently, then data can be collected to provide evidence of how many tasks the child completed without prompting or supports. If the goal is measuring skills in a particular math operation, say addition, then a goal can be written to indicate a percent of probes or problems the student completes correctly. This is often known as an accuracy goal since it is based on the percent of correct responses.   Some school districts require that special educators record their progress monitoring on computer templates the district provides, and store them on shared computer drives where the building principal or the special education supervisor can check to be sure data are being kept. Unfortunately, as Marshall McLuhan wrote in the Medium is the Message, too often the medium, or in this case, the computer program shapes the sorts of data that are collected, which may actually create meaningless data which fits the program but not the IEP Goal or the behavior.   Types of Data Collection Different kinds of data measurement are important for different kinds of goals. Trial by Trial:  This measures the percent of correct trials against the total number of trials. This is used for discrete trials.   Duration:  Duration measures the lengths of behaviors, often paired with interventions to reduce undesirable behaviors, such as tantrums or out of seat behavior.​  Interval data collection is one means to measure duration, creating data that reflects either percent of intervals or percent of complete intervals. Frequency:  This is a simple measure that notes the frequency of either wanted or unwanted behaviors.  These are usually described in an operational way so they can be identified by a neutral observer.   Thorough data collection is an essential way of showing whether a student is or is not making progress on goals. It also documents how and when the instruction is being delivered to the child. If a teacher fails to keep good data, it makes the teacher and the district vulnerable to due process.